Amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), ari ryo tegeko rikomeye kandi ry’ingenzi ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki byo mu rwego rw’ibiribwa, rifite ibisabwa cyane kandi byuzuye ku gipimo cy’icyuma kiremereye ku bicuruzwa bituruka ku biribwa, kandi ni cyo kimenyetso cy’umuyaga mpuzamahanga ibiryo bihuza ibikoresho kugenzura umutekano.
Amabwiriza mashya y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) No 10/2011 ku bikoresho bya pulasitiki n’ibintu bigamije guhura n’ibiribwa byasohotse ku 2011
Mutarama 15.Aya mabwiriza mashya atangira gukurikizwa muri 2011 Gicurasi 1. Irakuraho Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo 2002/72 / EC. Hariho byinshi
ingingo zinzibacyuho kandi zavunaguye mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Imbonerahamwe 1
Ingingo z'inzibacyuho
Kugeza 2012 Ukuboza 31
Irashobora kwemera gushira ibikurikira kumasoko
- ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo nibintu byashyizwe kumasoko byemewe n'amategeko
FCM ishyigikira ibyangombwa byinzibacyuho
mbere ya 2011 Gicurasi 1
Inyandiko zunganira zigomba gushingira kumategeko shingiro yimuka rusange hamwe nigeragezwa ryimuka ryerekanwe kumugereka wubuyobozi 82/711 / EEC
Kuva mu 2013 Mutarama 1 kugeza 2015 Ukuboza 31
Gushyigikira inyandiko kubikoresho, ingingo nibintu byashyizwe kumasoko birashobora gushingira kumategeko mashya yimuka avugwa mumabwiriza (EU) No 10/2011 cyangwa amategeko ateganijwe kumugereka wa 82/711 / EEC
Kuva 2016 Mutarama 1
Inyandiko zunganira zigomba gushingira kumategeko yo kwipimisha kwimuka ateganijwe mumabwiriza (EU) No 10/2011
Icyitonderwa: 1. Ibiri mu nyandiko yingoboka bivuga Imbonerahamwe 2, D.
Imbonerahamwe 2
A. Umwanya.
1. Ibikoresho hamwe nibice byayo bigizwe gusa na plastiki
2. Ibikoresho bya plastiki byinshi-bikoresho bifatanyirijwe hamwe hamwe nubundi buryo
3. Ibikoresho n'ingingo zivugwa mu ngingo ya 1 & 2 zacapwe kandi / cyangwa zitwikiriwe
4. Ibice bya plastiki cyangwa ibipapuro bya pulasitike, bikora gasketi mumutwe no gufunga, ko hamwe nizo capeti no gufunga bigize ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi byubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho
5. Ibice bya plastiki mubikoresho byinshi-ibikoresho byinshi
B. Gusonerwa
1. Ion guhana resin
Rubber
3. Silicone
C. Ibintu biri inyuma ya bariyeri ikora na nanoparticles
Ibintu inyuma ya bariyeri ikora2
1. Birashobora gukorwa hamwe nibintu bitashyizwe kurutonde rwubumwe
2. Azubahiriza ibibujijwe kuri vinyl chloride monomer Umugereka wa I (SML: Ntibimenyekana, mg / kg 1 mubicuruzwa birangiye)
3. Ibintu bitemewe birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nurwego ntarengwa rwa 0.01 mg / kg mubiryo
4. Ntibishobora kuba mubintu bya mutagenic, kanseri cyangwa uburozi kubyara nta burenganzira bwabiherewe uburenganzira
5. Ntibigomba kuba ibya nanoform
Nanoparticles ::
1. Bikwiye gusuzumwa buri kibazo kijyanye n'ingaruka zabo kugeza amakuru menshi azwi
2. Ibintu biri muri nanoform bizakoreshwa gusa iyo byemewe kandi byavuzwe kumugereka I.
D. Gushyigikira Inyandiko
1. igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibisabwa n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini, kubara, kwerekana imiterere, ubundi isesengura n'ibimenyetso ku mutekano cyangwa ibitekerezo byerekana kubahiriza
2. bizashyirwa mubikorwa nubucuruzi kubuyobozi bubishinzwe bubisabwe
E. Muri rusange kwimuka & Imipaka yihariye yo kwimuka
1. Kwimuka muri rusange
- 10mg / dm² 10
- 60mg / kg 60
2. Kwimuka byihariye (Reba kumugereka wa I Urutonde rwubumwe - Mugihe nta mipaka yihariye yimuka cyangwa izindi mbogamizi zitangwa, rusange yimuka ya 60 mg / kg)
Urutonde rwubumwe
Umugereka wa I –Monomeri ninyongera
UMUGEREKA Ndimo
1. Monomers cyangwa ibindi bintu bitangira
2. Inyongera ukuyemo amabara
3. Imfashanyigisho ya polymer ukuyemo ibishishwa
4. Macromolecules yabonetse muri fermentation ya mikorobe
5. 885 ibintu byemewe
Umugereka wa II - Kubuza rusange kubikoresho & Ingingo
Kwimuka kwicyuma kiremereye (mg / kg ibiryo cyangwa ibiryo simulant)
1. Barium (钡) = 1
2. Cobalt (钴) = 0.05
3. Umuringa (铜) = 5
4. Icyuma (铁) = 48
5. Litiyumu (锂) = 0.6
6. Manganese (锰) = 0.6
7. Zinc (锌) = 25
Kwimuka byihariye bya Amine Yibanze (sum), Kugabanya 0.01mg yibintu kuri kg y'ibiryo cyangwa bitera ibiryo
Umugereka wa III-Ibiryo byokurya
10% Ethanol
Icyitonderwa: Amazi yatoboye arashobora gutoranywa kubihe bimwe
Ibiryo Simulant A.
ibiryo bifite imiterere ya hydrophilique
3% Acide Acide
Ibiryo Simulant B.
ibiryo bya aside
20% Ethanol
Ibiryo C.
ibiryo bigera kuri 20% birimo inzoga
50% Ethanol
Ibiryo Simulant D1
ibiryo birimo> 20% birimo inzoga
ibikomoka ku mata
ibiryo n'amavuta mumazi
Amavuta akomoka ku bimera
Ibiryo Simulant D2
ibiryo bifite lipofilique, amavuta yubusa
Poly (2,6-diphenyl-p-fenyleneoxide), ubunini bwa 60-80mesh, ubunini bwa pore 200nm
Ibiryo Simulant E.
ibiryo byumye
Umugereka wa IV- Itangazo ryo kubahiriza (DOC)
1. igomba gutangwa nubucuruzi kandi ikubiyemo amakuru nkuko biri kumugereka wa IV3
2. murwego rwo kwamamaza usibye kurwego rwo kugurisha, DOC igomba kuboneka kubikoresho bya plastiki nibintu, ibicuruzwa biva mugihe cyo hagati yabyo kimwe nibintu bigenewe gukora
3. Azemerera kumenyekanisha byoroshye ibikoresho, ingingo cyangwa ibicuruzwa kuva murwego rwo hagati rwo gukora cyangwa ibintu byatanzwe
4. - Ibihimbano bizwi nuwabikoze kandi bigashyikirizwa inzego zibishinzwe abisabwe
Umugereka V -Ibizamini
OM1 10d kuri 20 ° C 20
Ibiryo byose bihuza mugihe gikonje kandi gikonjesha
OM2 10d kuri 40 ° C.
Ububiko burigihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwicyumba cyangwa munsi, harimo gushyushya 70 ° C mugihe cyamasaha 2, cyangwa gushyushya 100 ° C muminota 15
OM3 2h kuri 70 ° C.
Ibihe byose byo guhura birimo gushyushya 70 ° C mugihe cyamasaha 2, cyangwa kugeza kuri 100 ° C kugeza kuminota 15, bidakurikiranwa nicyumba kirekire cyangwa kubika ubushyuhe bwa firigo.
OM4 1h kuri 100 ° C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukoreshwa mubitera ibiryo byose ubushyuhe bugera kuri 100 ° C.
OM5 2h kuri 100 ° C cyangwa kuri reflux / ubundi 1 h kuri 121 ° C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugera kuri 121 ° C.
OM6 4h kuri 100 ° C cyangwa kuri reux
Ibiribwa byose bihura nibitera ibiryo A, B cyangwa C, mubushyuhe burenze 40 ° C.
Icyitonderwa: Yerekana imiterere mibi kubantu bose bigana ibiryo bahuye na polyolefine
OM7 2h kuri 175 ° C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibiryo byamavuta birenze imiterere ya OM5
Icyitonderwa: Mugihe bidashoboka tekiniki bidashoboka gukora OM7 hamwe nibiryo byigana D2 ikizamini gishobora gusimburwa nikizamini OM 8 cyangwa OM9
OM8 Ibiryo byiganjemo E kumasaha 2 kuri 175 ° C hamwe na D2 ibiryo byokurya amasaha 2 kuri 100 ° C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukoreshwa gusa
Icyitonderwa: Mugihe bidashoboka tekiniki gukora OM7 hamwe nibiryo D2
OM9 Ibiryo byiganjemo E kumasaha 2 kuri 175 ° C hamwe na D2 y'ibiryo D2 muminsi 10 kuri 40 ° C.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burimo kubika igihe kirekire mubushyuhe bwicyumba
Icyitonderwa: Mugihe bidashoboka tekiniki gukora OM7 hamwe nibiryo D2
Gukuraho amabwiriza ya EU
1. 80/766 / EEC, Komisiyo Uburyo bwo kuyobora bwo kugenzura kumugaragaro urwego rwa vinyl chloride monomer muguhuza ibikoresho nibiryo
2. 81/432 / EEC, Komisiyo Uburyo bwo gusesengura uburyo bwo kugenzura ku mugaragaro vinyl chloride irekurwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho n'ingingo mu biribwa.
3. 2002/72 / EC, Amabwiriza ya Komisiyo ajyanye nibikoresho bya pulasitiki n'ingingo y'ibiribwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-19-2021